Long COVID Symptomatology in Children

Children are at an increased risk of COVID 2019 (COVID-19) and post-COVID-19 (long COVID) syndrome due to the lack of authorized vaccines for children, scare recommendations for pediatric vaccinations, low vaccine uptake, and social distancing difficulties among children. Knowledge of long COVID among children is vital to guide the identification and management of COVID-19 and long COVID by setting up multi-disciplinary long COVID clinics.

In the present cross-sectional and nationwide Long COVID Kids DK study, researchers investigated the long COVID symptomatology and its impact on quality of life and absence from schools and daycare facilities among SARS-CoV-2-infected children aged <14 years in Denmark.

The study comprised a 1:4 ratio of SARS-CoV-2 infected Danish children (cases) with diagnoses confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) between 1 January 2020 and 12 July 2021 (cases) and age- and sex-matched controls. The cases were identified from the Danish COVID-19 database, and the controls were identified from the Danish Civil Registration System.

Proxy reports were obtained by surveys filled out by mothers/fathers/legal guardians of children below 14 years of age. They included the children’s somatic symptoms inventory-24 (CSSI-24) and pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL) to obtain data on child well-being and overall health. Additionally, the survey forms included ancillary questions on 23 long COVID symptoms most commonly reported in the long COVID kids' rapid survey conducted in January 2021.

The symptoms included chest pain, stomach ache, fatigue, mood swings, headache, muscular or joint pain, concentration and/or recall difficulties, appetite loss, cough, dizziness, sore throat, rashes, fever, nausea, breathing difficulties, palpitations, and extreme pallor. Other symptoms such as skin discoloration, sensitivity to light, dark circles under the eyes, and chapping of lips were also included.

Quality of life was assessed for dimensions such as emotional, physical, social, emotional, and school or daycare functioning over the previous month. Only participants with a recall period of >2 months were included in the study. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and descriptive statistics. The differences were considered clinically significant if the Hedges’ g scores were >0.2. 

Overall, the study findings showed that long-term symptoms were more prevalent among SARS-CoV-2-positive children compared to controls aged below 14 years, with better quality-of-life scores in relation to social and emotional functioning among cases of older age (four to 11 years and 12 to 14 years). However, the clinical differences on a population level seemed to be small.


In detail read: https://www.tridhascholars.org/press-release/long-covid-symptomatology-among-children-below-0-14-years-of-age-in-denmark.php

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